The genitalia of both sexes are prominent. Bonobos can be distinguished from chimpanzees by darker facial skin, by longer hair on the head with a distinct center part, and by a slighter, less robust and muscular physical appearance. Their big toes function like thumbs, and their feet as well as their hands are used for grasping. Although chimpanzees have long powerful fingers, they have small weak thumbs. Male chimpanzees have larger canines than females, and these are used in battle with other males and during predation. The jaw is heavy and protruding, and the canine teeth are large. Chimpanzees have heavy eyebrows, a flattened forehead, large protruding ears, and a short neck. The ears are large and he nostrils are small. The skin on the hands and feet is black, and that of the face ranges from pink to brown or black. Both sexes have a short white beard, and baldness frequently develops in later years. The weight of females ranges from about 66 lb (30 kg) in the wild to as much as 190 lb (87 kg) in captivity.Ĭhimpanzee pelage is primarily black, turning gray on the back after about 20 years of age. Adult wild males weigh about 132 lb (60 kg), but in captivity they can grow up to 220 lb (100 kg). The height of chimpanzees varies from about 39 in (1 m) in males to about 36 in (90 cm) in females. Both species are endangered by habitat destruction, a low rate of reproduction, and by hunting by humans as meat and for the live-animal trade. Its habitat is restricted to closed-canopy tropical rainforest below 5, 000 ft (1, 525 m).Ĭhimpanzees live within the borders of some 15 African countries. The bonobo is found in Central Africa, and is confined to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly known as Zaire) between the Kasai and Zaire rivers. Common chimpanzees are rarely found in open habitat, except temporarily when there is ready access to fruit-bearing trees. Their habitat includes rainforest and deciduous woodland, from sea level to above 6, 000 ft (1, 830m). The common chimpanzee occurs in forested West and Central Africa, from Senegal to Tanzania. There are two species of chimpanzees: the common chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) and the bonobo ( Pan paniscus ), sometimes incorrectly called the pygmy chimpanzee. They also have a great deal of upper body strength, needed for a life spent mostly in the forest canopy. When apes stand upright, their long arms reach below their knees. Compared with monkeys, apes are larger, have no tail, and have longer arms and a broader chest. Recent research on the relationships between apes and humans, especially research involving DNA and chromosomal analyses, has suggested a revised classification scheme that places the great apes and humans in the family Hominidae and the gibbons in the family Hylobatidae. Traditional classification schemes place chimpanzees in the family Pongidae, along with all of the other apes: gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. Chimpanzees belong to the order Primates, which includes monkeys, apes, and humans.
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